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Girls and Tech in Scandinavia - What Don't We Know? As the graph below demon-strates, from a global perspective the gender gap in technology is roughly split between «developed» and The reasons for the pervasive nature of the gender gap in tech will be explored in more detail in Chapter 3.BLANK divided.The sheer magnitude of the COVID-19 operation is unparalleled, with the most recent similar event being the attacks of September 11, 2001. As with the 9/11 attacks, the predator class is using COVID-19 as the excuse to push plans and agendas which predate the spread of the novel coronavirus.Technical measures alone cannot prevent violations of the trust people place in individuals, violations that have been the source of. For example, any task involving the potential for fraud must be divided into parts that are performed by separate people, an approach called separation of duty.This is the gap of the access to modern information and communications technology of the different regions and countries. The digital divide means the gap between individuals, households, businesses, (or groups of people) and geographical areas at different socioeconomic levels in terms...

The Gap In Ease Of Access To Technology Is Known As The

5) Computer trespassing is also known as unauthorized access. True or False? 6) Copyright laws protect software just like other copyrighted materials. how does computing and network resources help you to obtain more scientific knowledge in the healthcare area? How can we help solve period poverty..."Technology Rich" vs. "Technology Poor" Although worldwide, each country has their own Digital Divide as well. 4  The least "connected", otherwise known as the "information underclass" are 7  Not necessarily by access to internet, but Information and Communications Technologies (ICT)...Without easy access to the internet while in high school, she often had to leave home at 4 a.m. and "I told my teachers that I did not have access to the internet at home and, if I knew I'd be late with "There are real gaps in academic achievement for homeless students, and we hope this will lead to...Computer Science and Information Technology.

Covid-19, The Great Reset and The New Normal -- Puppet... -- Sott.net

The digital divide has generally been defined as the gap in access to technology by socioeconomic status, race, and/or gender. Well-known challenges are associated with the costs of maintaining and upgrading technology. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 was supposed to redress the digital...The gap in ease of access to technology is known as the ____ divide. Faculty at universites often use course management software such as _____ so that students can communicate outside of class and have easy access to class materials.The Digital Divide. A recent survey has shown that the number of people in the United Kingdom who do not These people, who are known as 'net refuseniks', make up 44% of UK households, or 11.2 The gap between those who have access to and use the internet is the digital divide, and if the gap...Digital divide is the gap that exists between those who can effectively use new information and communication tools 3. Fred.D Davis Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User It is also known to be the gap between those who have access to technology and those who do not.Access to technology is essential to educational success as well as workforce and community development. The digital divide has also been referred to as the "homework gap," due to the challenges that students in technology-deficient circumstances face when trying to do their homework.

Judy BlockEastern Michigan Universityjblock@emich.edu

Abstract

This paper will address how the digital divide impacts distance schooling. Lack of access for some students does elevate issues. Access to technology is often defined through what scholars don't have: what is known as a digital divide. Access also is outlined via the pace of Internet connections. Access in the long term can be even better as extra computer systems emerge. The divide is large. "Even as more Americans acquire computers and flock on-line , most of the disparities that emerged all over the latter part of the 1990's stay" (Mossberger, Tolbert, & Stansbury, 2003, p. 35). Whose duty is it to bridge the worldwide virtual divide? Policymakers and politicians who are in a place to effect alternate, because it is no longer simply an schooling factor. The society is becoming an information-laden one. The more information that may be accumulated the higher. Industries are relying on news in order to keep aggressive. "However, there remains a virtual divide in response to race/Hispanic foundation, source of revenue, location (central town and rural areas), and other demographic traits. The lower socioeconomic and minority teams proceed to fall further behind the extra prosperous population" (Sarkodie-Mensah, 2000, p. 23). It is vital to needless to say access is nonetheless a barrier for lots of distance inexperienced persons. This is successfully shutting them out of the opportunity to connect with the leisure of the world, engage and participate as a lifelong pupil. This is changing with the speedy advent of broadband. In an editorial in the Community College Journal of Research and Practice, Cedja stated, "The disparity in broadband connection between rural and concrete and suburban is essential to address, then again as the use of broadband applied sciences in distance education continues to building up" (Cedja, 2007, p. 299). Broadband is important to the distance training inhabitants as a result of most distance learning classes will counsel that you've got a broadband connection. By definition, a broadband connection can accommodate the fast transfer of huge quantities or packets of news. To carry charge of the broadband offers quicker products and services are delivered to end customers.

Introduction

The digital divide has most often been defined as the gap in access to technology through socioeconomic status, race, and/or gender. In their guide, Virtual Inequality, Mossberger, et. al. (2003) outlined virtual divide as "the patterns of unequal access to news technology according to source of revenue, race, ethnicity, gender, age, and geography" (Mossberger, et. al., 2003). Addressing the virtual divide is also essential because technology can connect other people to a wide range of alternatives. In his 1999 guide, Electronic Literacies: Language, Culture, and Power in Online Education, Warschauer stresses that electronic literacy turns into an important facet in contemporary society and states, "Reading the Web approach intelligently discovering, evaluating, and making makes use of of a perfect variety of resources of information" (Warschauer, 1999, p. 158). Information literacy wishes to be known no longer simply as laptop literacy or the ability to use technology. Quality schooling is a common goal. As said in the e book, Bridging the Diversity Divide, "As institutions of higher finding out get ready students for an technology of explosive alternate, curricula, and literacies must additionally mirror the increasing frontier of wisdom" (Chun, 2009, p. 10). Recently, the attainable of news technology to give a boost to instructing and studying has been demonstrated in virtually each and every subject material self-discipline. The virtual divide is real and furthers the information gap. "The lack of fundamental technology-related talents—such as using a mouse and typing, using e-mail, locating information on the cyber web, and the usage of word processing and spreadsheet techniques—is a transparent indication of the need for coverage attention to this factor" (Mossberger, et. al., 2003, p. 38). Since technology continues to permeate our daily life, it has turn into essential to own a computer simply to compete in nowadays's international. Information is wisdom and information is energy. Today's society has shifted from an commercial society to a data society. Technology talent has grow to be an economic crucial. The industry world has adopted technology; so much of the future work would require laptop skills. Schools will have to educate students those skills to meet this problem. "The new economy is a world one in which capital, production, management, exertions; markets, technology, and news are organized throughout nationwide obstacles" (Warschauer, 1999, p. 15). Schools take seriously their accountability to get ready students for the workplace. Today's highschool education curriculum must come with technology skills for entry into the labor market.

Technology provides other people expanded and unbiased studying alternatives when access is equitably disbursed. There are nonetheless a growing number of disadvantaged urban neighborhoods, with an infinite number of unskilled workers, poorly skilled formative years and adults, and limited monetary resources. The main reason of digital divide is the lack of access to news and coaching for high-tech jobs. Technology can grow to be the power that gives equitable access to tutorial opportunities for all regardless of location, social, and economic circumstance. Because of this truth, schooling has become a lifelong process. Numerous organizations are attempting to provide coaching and access to technology, such as the Urban League and Project SOAR. Project SOAR is a development program for Appalachian American and African American men and women the place pc training takes position. To be empowered, other people want coaching and technical give a boost to to grasp new applied sciences. "Empowerment is essential in a democracy as it permits people to work in partnership and solidarity with schools, group leaders, and policymakers to make choices" (Solomon, Allen & Resta, 2003, p. 43).

Digital Divide and the Educational Process

Technology is vital to scholar learning. The impact of the World Wide Web on schooling and in each and every aspect of our group is profound. Access to the information to be had from cyber-space is a very powerful as a result of information can be used in routine everyday lifestyles for education, industry transactions, private verbal exchange, news collecting, task searches and occupation construction. Chun said, "The framework of talent, technology, and tolerance requires amplification as universities seek to maximize their ability possible and reply to the pressing drive and opportunities of globalization" (Chun, 2009, p. 18). By closing the virtual divide, other people can be given equivalent opportunity to keep up a correspondence and make stronger their quality of lifestyles.

The digital divide prevents people from getting an schooling because they don't have access to the right technology. Bridging this divide will accelerate everyone's skill to be informed, share, engage, and solve problems in combination "The digital divide seems at the function which computers are taking part in in widening socioeconomic and educational gaps all over our society" (Bolt & Crawford, 2000, p. 121). As Distance Education Librarian, this writer sees that the gaps are impacting on the tutorial process because the on-campus pupil has access to the newest technology whereas the off-campus pupil, many of whom are in small cities, have to depend on out of date equipment and dial-up modems.

Equipment quality is relevant to questions of equal access. Better hardware, better device and sooner connection are the foundation of having access to all that the Web has to offer. Schools will have to teach students to transform pc literate to meet this challenge. Sadly, college districts are strapped financially and cannot incorporate technology into the school room is imperative to prepare students for dwelling in the twenty-first century. As a consequence, there are huge variances in the quality and quantity of pc education in our public schools. Well-known demanding situations are related to the costs of maintaining and upgrading technology. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 used to be meant to redress the virtual divide between the advantaged and disadvantaged schools and college systems. The Act required that each lecture room be wired, however technology adjustments abruptly. Strong leadership is crucial in the quest for digital fairness. "Leaders for lately and the following day should center of attention their paintings immediately or instruction to insure that every one kids have equitable access to the fine quality learning stories related to advanced technology" (Solomon, et. al., 2003, p. 174). The objective of fairness is to empower all people to achieve academic and private success in order to achieve knowledge and data via the ability to access leading edge verbal exchange technology.

Technology can make studying extra individualized. Distance education uses technology to empower student studying. Distance training students should be accountable for their very own finding out. Technology makes learning more immediate. Learning may also be fostered via strategic makes use of of technology. Access to hardware and instrument for building and use of instructional applications, each off and on campus, are essential for good fortune. Self-paced learning has develop into conceivable with computers.Distance learning is not dependent upon time or place and in many ways it may be more flexible than the conventional model. Therefore, it can be noticed that technology and distance learning is a good fit. "The digital technology makes use of nowadays's applied sciences to maintain social networks and bridge and construct new ones in the Web-based social networking websites of their age, via their rapid messages" (Harwood & Asal, 2007, p. 162). The new technologies are interwoven into the cloth of these days's society if everybody does now not have access to the technology; the ones denied access can be at a distinct drawback when it comes to education, the process marketplace, and being competitive in nowadays's society.

One answer to the drawback is OpenCourseWare (OCW), is a time period applied to path fabrics created through universities and shared freely with the global by way of the web. The OCW movement started at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) with the release of MIT OCW in October 2002. Henk Huijser of the University of Southern Queensland stated, "The doable opportunities that OpenCourseWare (OCW) provides in offering wider access to tertiary education" (Huijser, 2008, p. 1). OCW supplies unfastened on-line assets to distance studying students which is able to reduce the digital divide via providing access for all scholars. We must incorporate open supply instrument in administrative computing environments, curriculum, collaborative analysis, and different construction techniques. The OpenCourseWare (OCW) movement has helped some of the international's best possible universities offer teaching, studying and analysis sources by means of publishing their school's course materials online and making them to be had free of price. Despite the reality that most OCW tasks aren't technology projects, all of the OCW depend on web-based technologies to facilitate the open sharing of wisdom. In her guide, Chun states, "Even the most efficient organizational learning equipment have no appreciable impact with out an unwavering dedication from institutional management to reach results" (Chun, 2009, p. 99).

Digital Divide and the Adult Learner

Another problem is virtual inequality at the person user level. The students that this librarian works with demonstrates this reality as a result of they've been out of the instructional area for years, they are not accustomed to looking electronic databases. The skill level of the returning student is restricted as a result of when they had been in faculty, to find books they used the card catalog filled with 3x5 playing cards and to in finding periodical references you used paper indexes. Information amassing has modified such a lot in the intervening years that the returning scholar must catch up. Those who have more uncomplicated access to assets and extra freedom to use them are most probably to extract extra from the Web. For instance, a pupil who understands how search queries will also be subtle via the use of multiple terms in a question will most probably turn up useful effects nearly regardless of the seek engine used. A an expert person will temporarily to find related effects. Nonetheless, even the use of such delicate seek queries calls for further wisdom on the part of the user.

Adult education has had a particular worry with the talents of literacy. "Learners can develop the literacy, numeracy, downside solving, and technology skills which can be in fact used in on a regular basis lifestyles (Ginsburg, 2000, p. 81). The position of the librarian is to teach motivated consumers how to use the library collection. "For the ability divide, two vital distinct ideas are integrated: technical competencies and information literacy" (Choemprayong, 2006, p. 203). The librarians' position is to educate information retrieval from the Internet. The students are mindful of the undeniable fact that they don't seem to be up-to-date on discovering information on the World Wide Web. They are searching for talents from me that will assist them supply just right research abilities. I check out to train the usage of lively learning each time imaginable. Active finding out is one way of instructing students that permits them to take part in class. Allowing the students to take part in magnificence via palms on revel in will allow students to use these abilities. This is vital when teaching adults. Active finding out meets the expectancies of the students and makes for an efficient finding out experience. By instructing how to use the World Wide Web properly and seek the quite a lot of databases for articles, I lead the students in opposition to higher and extra useful subject matter needed in their research. Library professionals, specifically in the academia, understand that information literacy performs a important function in finding out procedure. They have tried in quite a lot of tactics to cope with issues linked to information literacy and have endeavored to make information literacy an integral part of the faculty curriculum. The function is to assist scholars be successful, now not best all over their years in college but additionally in their life-long career choices.

Libraries and the Digital Divide

According to the American Library Association, the mission of libraries to supply equitable access to news for all Library administrators can lend a hand ease the digital divide via providing equal access to all consumers. They need to institute appropriate policies to make equivalent access occur. Public libraries have helped narrow the digital divide through providing loose access to computer systems and the Internet. So, we will have to create solutions that enable everybody to participate in the digital international. One resolution to the access problem is that public libraries supply use of computer systems. Libraries have a key function in aiding in closing the "digital divide." Public libraries have helped shut the virtual divide through bringing free Internet and laptop access to the common person--particularly those that lack access at home or paintings. Mossberger et al. discovered that "in truth the ones missing a house connection are much less most likely to use the Internet in other places such as libraries." (Mossberger et al, 2003, p. 33).

Society is spotting the proven fact that simplest an educated, professional, and information-literate consumer can contribute extra to the financial productivity and societal well-being. To be sure that everyone is ready to turn into an educated, skilled, and information-literate consumer, librarians and faculty at establishments of higher schooling throughout the international will want to work together as partners to supply the training wanted in the age of information.

Solutions

The resolution to the issue of virtual inclusion is one of running in combination to create open schooling and bridge the technological divide. Administrators can clear up this inequality by way of increasing the bandwidth. Increasing the bandwidth is helping the digital divide because enough dependable bandwidth for Internet connections will upgrade the technology essential for distance education classes. Affordable broadband access could make distance learning lessons more straightforward to access. Wireless Networks can be utilized for bridging the virtual divide as a result of of the advantages it supplies such as implementation cost is less expensive than stressed network and it is supreme for rural areas the place many distance learners are situated. Wireless networks are simple to arrange and inexpensive; making it the best possible answer to the digital divide. Administrators too can deal with the ability divide by instituting tutorial programs meant to deliver competency skills of looking out the Internet. Library administrators should supply programming to its patrons to expand their talent stage .such as offering a workshop on how to search the Internet. In as of late's global, the Internet is the news device of selection. Administrators must do the entirety in their energy to bridge the virtual divide.

Conclusion

The Internet permits trade of news without regard to geographical obstacles. Lifelong finding out has transform a necessity. Given that technology skills are an increasing number of essential to finding employment, a lack of access to technology reinforces destructive outcomes in the hard work market for the ones with limited education. In the final analysis, nobody must be left in the back of as our country advances into the twenty first Century, where having access to computer systems and the Internet may be a key to turning into a a success member of society. For Internet use a number of dimensions of equipment high quality are relevant to questions of equal access.

References

Bolt, D. & Crawford, R. (2000). Digital divide: Computers and our youngsters's long run. New York: TV Books..

Cedja, B. (2007).Distance education in rural neighborhood schools. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 31(4), 291-303.

Choemprayong, S. (n. d) Closing virtual divides: The United States' insurance policies.RetrievedMarch 5, 2010 from http://www.librijournal.org/pdf/2006-4pp201-212.pdf.

Chun, E. & Evans, A. (2009). Bridging the diversity divide: Globalization and reciprocal empowerment in upper training. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley.

Ginsburg, L., Sabatini, J. & Wagner, D. (n.d) Basic skills in adult schooling and the virtual divide. Retrieved March. 5, 2010 from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/24/12/41284692.pdf.

Harwood, P.& Asal, V. (2007). Educating the first digital technology. Westport,Conn.: Praeger, 2007.

Huijser, H., Bedford, T. & Bull, D. (2008). OpenCourseWare, Global Access and the Right to Education: Real access or marketing ploy? The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning 9, ( 1), 1-13. Retrieved from Google Scholar. Mossberger, Ok., Tolbert, C. & Stansbury, M. (2003). Virtual inequality: Beyond the digital divide. Washington, D. C.: Georgetown University Press.

Sarkodie-Mensah, Ok. (2000). Reference products and services for the grownup learner: Challenging issues for the conventional and technological technology . New York: Haworth.

Solomon, G., Allen, N., & Resta, P. (2003). Toward digital equity: Bridging the divide in schooling. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Warschauer , M. (1999). Electronic literacies: Language, culture, and gear in online education. Mahwah, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates.

Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, Volume XIII, Number I, Spring 2010University of West Georgia, Distance Education CenterBack to the Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration Contents